Biofortified wheat varieties pdf

The food uses of biofortified pearl millet varieties will. Wheat has also been the subject of mutation breeding, with the use of gamma, xrays, ultraviolet light, and sometimes harsh chemicals. The varieties of wheat created through these methods are in the hundreds going as far back as 1960, more of them being created in higher populated countries such as china. May 01, 2014 the only human study of zinc bioavailability from biofortified wheat indicates that overall zinc absorption may be improved with biofortified wheat as compared with standard varieties. Biofortified crops have been released in countries indicated in dark purple, while crops are being tested in countries in light purple. Will farmers grow the biofortified varieties and will consumers buy and eat them in. Biofortification food and agriculture organization of the united. Biofortification is a process of increasing the density of vitamins and minerals in a crop through plant breeding, transgenic techniques, or agronomic practices. The candidate biofortified wheat genotypes from cimmyt. T ejas wheat variety rich in protein, iron and zinc.

Pdf malnutrition has emerged as one of the most serious health issues worldwide. Most of the varietieslines had narrow range of zn 31. Therefore, biofortified varieties must be agronomically equivalent or preferably superior to the less nutrient dense market and traditional varieties with which they will compete. The initial breeding target for whole wheat was set at 33 ppm zinc, an increment of 8 ppm above the baseline zinc concentration. Biofortified maize and wheat can improve diets and health. Biofortification by mineral fertilization is a common practice in some countries that applied seleniumcontaining fertilizers as a shortterm solution for improving selenium content of wheat. Biofortification through plant breeding consists of the development of micronutrientenhanced crop varieties through conventional breeding. This policy brief lays out technical evidence and arguments for. The acceptance for biotech wheat or genetically modified gm wheat has changed over the years since crop companies postponed their plans of commercializing the transgenic wheat in 2003 and 2004 due to widespread opposition 22. The first, from researchers at the international maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt, was published in nature scientific reports. Efficacy of high zinc biofortified wheat in improvement of. Latest report can be found in steve watsons wheat varieties for kansas and the great. Targeted breeding for these biofortified varieties was initiated by exploiting available genetic diversity for zn and fe from wild relatives of cultivated wheat and synthetic hexaploid progenitors. This was appreciated by the cooks, but could also lead to lower losses in phytates.

Pdf nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines. Daily current affairs 2020 scientists of ari, pune develop. However, modern wheat varieties are low in proteins and minerals. Biofortification is the idea of breeding crops to increase their nutritional value. High iron beans have been released in rwanda and drc. Jan 10, 2019 cimmyts biofortification program exploits diverse genetic resources and utilizes new wheat varieties that are highyielding, more heat and drought tolerant, and have better enduse quality. Plant breeders use these varieties to develop new, productive and biofortified crop lines for farmers to grow, market and consume. Nutritive appraisal of various wheat varieties lines for developing biofortified wheat triticum aestivum l. Even though during wheat is commonly fortify, promising and more long term solution is biofortification of wheat, which bases on the production of new wheat varieties with characteristically.

Nearly 3,000 smallholder wheat farmers throughout pakistan will begin to sow seed of newer, highyielding, diseaseresistant wheat varieties and spread the seed among their peers in 2019, through a dynamic initiative that is revitalizing the contribution of sciencebased innovation for national agriculture. Pdf on jan 1, 2018, abdullah m and others published nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for developing biofortified wheat. Modern wheat varieties have limited variation in grain zn and fe, but largescale screening. Frontiers biofortified crops generated by breeding. Abdullah m1, ahmad j 1, javed a 1, hussain m, shamim s, shair h, zulkiffal m, imtiaz m2, owais m1 and gulnaz s 1wheat research institute, ayub agricultural research institute, faisalabad, pakistan. Progress 040104 to 033109 outputs progress report objectives from ad416 the overall focus of the project is to use modern breeding approaches to improve iron, zinc, and provitamin a content in six staple food crops important to the developing world maize, wheat, rice, bean, cassava, and sweet potato. New studies highlight potential of zincbiofortified wheat. Turkey, cheyenne, parker, newthatch hrs, kenya 58 hrs, hope hrs no longer in use. Agharkar research institute ari scientists have developed a biofortified durum wheat variety macs 4028. First blast resistant, biofortified wheat variety released. Sep 10, 2018 the result has been the development and release of biofortified wheat varieties such as zinc shakti chitra, wb02, hpbw 01 pbw 1 zn, zincol2016, and barigom 33, which possess. For example, with the collaboration from cimmyt, inifap, mexico developed cirno 2008 wheat variety that is resistant to leafrust disease and provided a 12% yield gain over the existing durum wheat varieties in mexico figueroalopez et al.

Candidate biofortified varieties across 12 crops are being evaluated for release in an additional 25 countries. The varieties of wheat created through these methods are in the hundreds going as far back as 1960, more of them being. In biofortification, conventional crop breeding techniques are used to identify varieties with particularly high concentration of desired nutrients. To link to this object, paste this link in email, im or document to embed this object, paste this html in website. Researchers are using hexaploid wheat to support breeding efforts in india and pakistan for the development of highyielding, diseaseresistant biofortified wheat. The main objective of biofortifying wheat is to develop nutritionally enhanced wheat to increase peoples intake of iron and zinc. To date, four zn biofortified varieties have been released zinc shakti in the background of indian variety pbw343, zincol 2016 in the. Similarly, many have much higher zinc content than the best biofortified rice varieties less than 25 mgkg, but only a few have higher zinc content than the best biofortified wheat varieties less than 40 mgkg. The now proven high bioavailability % absorption of zn from wheat in human diets translates to significant. Breeding biofortified wheat with enhanced micronutrient concentrations has. Assessing genetic diversity to breed competitive biofortified. Home ifpri publications biofortified wheat reference url share. Using biotechnology, the researchers developed a wheat variety with 20 mg iron per kg of milled white flour when plants are grown in greenhouse conditions.

These varieties included three bush and two climber growth types. The food uses of biofortified pearl millet varieties will go a long way to reduce iron and zinc deficiencies. The first occurrence of wheat blast in 2016 threatened bangladeshs already precarious food security situation. Currently, biofortified pearl millet, rice, and wheat are available to farmers in india. If this sounds like beneficial research to you, theres still time to comment. Scientists of ari, pune develop biofortified, high protein. These findings were corroborated when the absorption of zinc in whole and refined flour from postharvest fortified wheat and agronomically biofortified wheat were tested prior to a randomized controlled efficacy trial in india 33. Examining narobean 1 during onfarm evaluation trials in mubende, uganda.

Who biofortification of crops with minerals and vitamins. Because the grain zn concentration is affected not only by genetically controlled mechanisms but also by the environment in which it is produced 32,33, that of the currently cultivated wheat varieties and the prospective biofortified varieties will need to be developed and assessed in the agroecological areas inhabited by potential target. Feb 21, 2014 changes to agricultural conditions in the future will also impact upon the deployment of biofortified wheat varieties. Wheat varieties list the wheat farmerrow crop farmer. Biofortified crops for tackling micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification is a method for increasing the availability of essential elements in the edible portions of crops through agronomic or genetic and genomic interventions. The research highlights improved ways to breed zincrich varieties by digging into the genetics of wheat. Where predominantly cerealbased diets and malnutrition exist, agricultural approaches can marginally enhance the nutritional value of some foods by elevating their macro and micronutrient content. Protein was determined by kjeldahl method instruction manual. To assure nutritional and food security, it is therefore paramount that suitable biofortified wheat varieties are developed, released, and disseminated for widespread adoption. The iron and zinc contents remained higher in decorticated biofortified varieties than in the decorticated local variety. Evidence from one small study indicates that additional zinc present in biofortified wheat is absorbed. In our study the high zinc biofortified wheat would have at best delivered 3.

Release of biofortified bean varieties in uganda icrisat. The maize bank contains 28,000 samples of seed, including the worlds largest collection of maize landraces varieties developed by farmers over decades. As a result of this work, six biofortified wheat varieties with zinc contents 612 ppm higher than in traditional wheat grains have been released in recent years in pakistan and india fig. Will determine efficacy of zinc wheat on the zinc status of children in the context of a randomized, controlled trial. We think there is enough information and experience to justify a boycott of all biofortified crops and foods, coupled with demands for investment in a different approach to agricultural research based on agroecology. Support gm wheat trials by sending your comments by 4 march 2019 to defra. The first biofortified lines will be delivered to the target. The results of this assessment will be used to inform the design of the biofortified iron pearl millet and zinc wheat programme activities under the gainharvestplus.

Six varieties of high zinc wheat bhu 1, bhu 3, bhu 5, bhu 6, bhu 7, and bhu 18 were released in india in 2014 followed by the release of four varieties in pakistan in 2015 nr 419, 42, 421, and zincol. Pdf on jan 1, 2018, abdullah m and others published nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for developing biofortified wheat triticum aestivum l. Developing country consumers acceptance of biofortified foods. Biology fortified creates infographics to help explain the science and issues in genetics, biotechnology, and agriculture. Abdullah m, ahmad j, javed a, hussain m, shamim s, et al. International maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt has more than 40 years of working experience with full dedication and devotion to develop biofortified maize. In the meantime, researchers are using a genetic engineering approach to introduce genes for vitamin a from other species. Since grain nutrition is a nonvisible trait, it is essential that new cultivars are not only rich in grain zn, but that they have a higher yield than current cultivars.

Till now, may researches, which focused on increasing fe in wheat, aimed at producing natural. Quantity of zinc absorbed from wheat in adult women is. Two new studies were recently published on zinc wheat biofortification. Urinary analysis of stable isotopes indicated that a higher quantity of zinc was absorbed from the zinc. The wheat would also face many, many more regulatory processes in each country where it might be grown. While the development of varieties containing higher levels of zinc and iron is progressing, scientists continue to search genebanks for sources of highvitamin a wheat. Pdf nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for. Economic benefits of blastresistant biofortified wheat in. Biofortified pearl millet varieties to fight iron and zinc.

Under harvestplus, breeding targets are set such that, for preschool children 46 years old and for nonpregnant, nonlactating women of. The bangladesh agricultural research institute bari, together with the international maize and wheat improvement center cimmyt developed and released the wheat variety bari gom 33 that is resistant to wheat blast and other common diseases. Utilizing this variation harvestplus has released several varieties of wheat with 410 ppm higher zinc content. Carotenoid retention of biofortified provitamin a maize. These are crossbred with highyielding varieties to develop biofortified varieties that have high levels of. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degradation of carotenoids after milling, cooking, and storage among biofortified varieties released in zambia. Leafrust disease was a severe yielddeterring factor in yaqui valley, sonora state, mexico.

Wheat is an essential constituent of cerealbased diets, and one of the most significant sources of calories. More than 50 qpm varieties have been adopted in latin america, caribbean and sub. Dhaka, bangladesh cimmyt as wheat farmers in bangladesh struggle to recover from a 2016 outbreak of a mysterious disease called wheat blast, the countrys national seed board nsb released a new, highyielding, blastresistant wheat variety, according to a communication from the wheat research centre wrc in bangladesh. The next step is for the researchers to grow the plants outdoors in a field trial. Through a pioneering process called biofortification, we develop and promote nutrientrich crops to improve nutrition and public health. The biofortified variety is a version of the most popular open pollinated variety in maharashtra, ictp820, and contains up to 50 percent of the iron ear for women and preschool children. Genetic dissection of grain zinc concentration in spring. Nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for developing. These varieties are resistant to wheat stem, stripe, and leaf rust diseases and produce high yields under both optimal conditions and drought or high. Nutritive appraisal of various wheat varietieslines for. Biofortification is also fairly cost effective after an initial large research investment where seeds can be distributed, the implementation costs of growing biofortified foods are nil or negligible, as opposed to supplementation which is comparatively expensive and requires continued financing over time, which may be jeopardized by.

Assessing genetic diversity to breed competitive biofortified wheat. Few resistant varieties have been released in brazil, bolivia and paraguay, the countries most affected by wheat blast. Biofortified wheat contained more phytate than standard wheat but this was largely removed by wheat extraction. Through a pioneering process called biofortification, we develop and promote nutrientrich crops to improve nutrition and public health for the rural farming families who need them most. Crops biofortified with zinc have been released relatively recently compared to other biofortified crops. In many of these same regions, wheat is considered a major staple food. Indeed, as the grains of this biofortified variety were harder, they exhibited a higher decortication yield. To link to this object, paste this link in email, im or. Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and provitamin a carotenoids. It is resistant to stem rust, leaf rust, foliar aphids, root aphids, and brown wheat mite. Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide co 2 concentrations may lead to reduced grain micronutrient content, especially fe, as has been shown by free air co 2 enrichment studies hogy et al. Pdf nutritional security through crop biofortification. Ten, twenty, thirty years from now, independent of the originator, most.

The bangladesh outbreak was its first appearance in south asia, a region where rice wheat cropping rotations cover million hectares and over a billion inhabitants eat wheat. Scientists of ari, pune develop biofortified, high protein wheat variety macs 4028, a semidwarf variety, has shown the superior and stable yielding ability it is resistant to stem rust, leaf rust, foliar aphids, root aphids, and brown wheat mite. Biofortified sorghum and pearl millet varieties and hybrids are the answer in areas where malnutrition is prevalent. Advances in genomic interventions for wheat biofortification. To date, about 300 biofortified crop varieties have been developed and released worldwide. Biofortification strategies to increase grain zinc and. Asia is largely derived from rice and wheat varieties developed by. Although none of those released to farmers thus far have been gm, quite a number are in the pipeline and on their way to being released.

Biofortified staple crops, when consumed regularly, will generate measureable improvements in human health and nutrition. Evaluation of zinc bioavailability in humans from foliar zinc biofortified wheat and from intrinsic vs. The wheat variety developed by the ari scientists group on wheat improvement, shown high protein content of about 14. Six biofortified wheat varieties released in india and pakistan feature grain with 612 parts per million more zinc than is found traditional wheat, as well as drought tolerance and resistance to locally important wheat diseases, said velu govindan, a breeder who leads cimmyts work on biofortified wheat and coauthored the study. This can be done either through conventional selective breeding, or through genetic engineering. The now proven high bioavailability % absorption of zn from wheat in human diets translates to significant nutritional impact. To date, four biofortified wheat varieties have been released zincol 2016 in pakistan, zinc shakti chitra, wb02 and hpbw01 in india box 2. Fourteen qpm hybrids are released in india and two in pakistan. Biofortification of wheat grain with iron and zinc.

Thus, superior agronomic traits are inherent in the biofortified wheat varieties, along with nutrition. Use of wheat genetic resources to develop biofortified wheat with enhanced grain zinc and iron concentrations and desirable processing quality. Sustainable way to alleviate malnutrition to make awareness among the stakeholders and consumers. Biofortification strategies to increase grain zinc and iron concentrations in wheat. The wheat variety developed by the ari scientists show high protein content of about 14. Five bean varieties rich in iron and zinc were recently released for the first time in uganda. Provitamin a biofortified maize hybrids were developed to target vitamin a deficient populations in africa. The development of highzinc wheat for indi a and pakistan is led by cimmyt. Harvestplus facilitates the global effort to end hidden hunger caused by a lack of essential vitamins and minerals in the diet.